What is typically added to concrete to enhance strength, durability, and watertightness?

Adding water to concrete is a critical step in the concrete mixing process, as it activates the chemical hydration of the cement. This reaction is essential for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate, which provides the concrete with its strength and hardness. The right amount of water not only helps to achieve the desired workability, allowing the mixture to be easily poured and shaped, but it also ensures that the concrete has the proper density and, consequently, the strength needed for structural applications.

A well-balanced water-to-cement ratio will contribute significantly to the overall durability and watertightness of the finished product. On the other hand, insufficient or excessive water can compromise the integrity of the concrete, leading to cracks or failure in performance. Therefore, the addition of water is vital for achieving optimal strength and longevity in concrete structures.